点击查看：CH-53K新型运输直升机 | “联合通用重型运输机”
The CH-53D Sea Stallion medium lift helicopter of Sikorsky Aircraft Division of United Technologies Corp was ordered in the early 1960s to satisfy a Marine Corps requirement for a heavy lift helicopter, First flight at Oct 14, 1964, became operational in Nov 1966. The photo up here is the second YCH-53A. CH-53D is designed to transport personnel, supplies and equipment in support of amphibious and shore operations, equipped with two General Electric T64-GE-413 turboshaft engines, 3,925 shaft horsepower each. It has since been replaced in the heavy lift mission by the CH-53E Super Stallion. The CH-53 is one of the few helicopters with an instrument landing system to enable landings in bad visibility to ILS-equipped air bases. All Marine Corps CH-53D helicopters are currently assigned to Marine Corps Base Hawaii, Kaneohe Bay. The CH-53D, along with the CH-46E, is slated for replacement by the MV-22 Osprey.
60年代初美海军陆战队希望装备一种重型运输直升机，随后西科斯基公司(Sikorsky Aircraft Division of United Technologies Corp)的CH-53D被选中，开始了H-53系列在海军陆战队中的辉煌历史。上图为第二架YCH-53A原型机。CH-53D 1964年10月14日首飞，1966年十一月服役。CH-53“海上种马”中型运输直升机是美海军直升机部队的重要组成部分，承担大量的两栖运输任务。CH-53常被布置在海军的两栖攻击舰上，是美海军陆战队由舰到陆的主要突击力量之一，在美军两栖作战任务中起到非常关键的作用。目前早期型号的CH-53已经退役，现存的CH-53也在局部战争中消耗了大量的飞行寿命，因此美军正在研制最新的CH-53K改型以填补空缺，并研制装备更加先进的后继机型，例如V-22等。
Cut away view of CH-53E CH-53E剖析图
该机采用两台通用电气公司的T64-GE-413涡轴发动机，单台推力3925马力。单主旋翼加尾桨的普通布局，机舱呈长立方体形状，剖面为方形，有多个侧门和一个大型放倒尾门方便装卸工作。CH-53是美军少数能在低能见度条件下借助机上设备在标准军用基地自行起降的直升机之一。CH-53D已经由CH-53E型替代，所有D型则转移到夏威夷陆战队基地做后备用途。CH-53和纵列双旋翼的CH-46在今后的几年内将逐步由MV-22“鱼鹰”倾斜旋翼机替代。
点击查看MH-53视频资料：没想到外表笨重的MH-53飞起来这么灵活 美空军MH-53介绍片 航展表演A photo of CH-53E CH-53E型图片：
A photo of CH-53G of Germany Defence Force 德国CH-53G型图片：
该机的旋翼系统为全铰接式7片桨叶旋翼。桨叶扭转角14°。每片桨叶有钛合金大梁，Nomex蜂窝芯和玻璃纤维环氧树脂复合材料蒙皮。桨叶装有大梁充气增压裂纹检查装置。桨毂由钛合金和钢制成。旋翼桨叶用液压动力折叠。装有标准的旋翼刹车装置。4片铝合金桨叶的尾桨安装在向左倾斜20°的尾斜梁上。主减速器安装在座舱上方的整流罩内，起飞额定功率为10067千瓦。
机身水密半硬壳式结构，由轻合金、钢和钛合金制成，隔开的驾驶舱部分用玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料制成。旋翼、减速器和发动机整流罩广泛使用凯夫拉复合材料。尾斜梁用液压动力向右折叠。机身能承受垂直方向20g和横向10g的坠毁力。海鸥翼式水平安定面高置在尾斜梁右侧，有撑杆支撑。水平安定面和尾斜梁用凯夫拉复合材料制成。可收放的前三点式起落架。每个起落架都是双轮。主起落架收到机身两侧翼梢浮筒的后部。前起落架可操纵转向。
该机使用3台通用电气公司T64-GE-416涡轮轴发动机，单台10分钟最大功率为3266千瓦，30分钟平均功率为3091千瓦，最大连续功率为2756千瓦。在两个翼梢浮筒的前部各有一个自密封软油箱，容量为1192升，还有一个附加的双室油箱，容量为1465升，机内燃油量达3849升。CH-53E可选装吊挂在翼梢浮筒外侧的可抛副油箱，两个副油箱总容量为4921升。有可伸缩的空中加油探管。驾驶舱容纳3名机组人员。CH-53E座舱内沿舱壁和座舱中间布置的折叠帆布椅可坐55名士兵。座舱右前侧有舱门。后部跳板式舱门用液压操纵。典型的货运载荷包括7个标准的102厘米×122厘米的货盘。中央吊钩可吊运16330千克货物。
液压系统中使用4个液压泵，系统压力为207×105帕，用于总距、周期变距、横滚、偏航和杆力增加飞行控制伺服机构、起落架收放、装货绞车，装货跳板，桨叶与尾斜梁折叠。发动机起动器使用的液压压力为276×105帕。MH-53E使用单独的液压系统操纵机载扫雷设备。电气系统包括3台115伏400赫40～60千伏安交流发电机和两台28伏200安变压整流器，以提供直流电。有太阳公司的辅助动力装置。机载设备包括汉密尔顿标准公司的自动飞控系统，两台数字式机载计算机和一个四通道自动驾驶仪。1993年底进行了改装试飞，其设备包括4个马可尼加拿大公司的CM A-2082 152毫米×152毫米彩色显示器，并与GPS、多普勒雷达及姿态航向基准系统相联。MH-53E的设备还有：AN/ALQ-14R拖曳式声纳，AN/AQS-17鱼雷抑制设备，AN/ALQ-141电子扫雷装置，用于爆破鱼雷的AN/ALQ-166拖曳式水翼拖网。
HH-53 Assault Transport Helicopter is the variant of CH-53, developed in 1968, widely used in rescue mission during Vietnam war. It turned to use 2 General Electric T64-GE-7 turboshaft, 3,435 shp each. HH-53`s crew are two pilots and an engineer on board and it can load 38 troops. For self-defence in misson, HH-53 is equipped with 7.62mm Minigun and .50 inch machine guns. Check the two photos of HH-53E below.
1968年研制开发的HH-53突击运输直升机是CH-53的改型，越战中被广泛应用于突击救援任务。它改装了两台单台推力3435马力的T64-GE-7涡轴发动机。HH-53的机组成员为两名飞行员和一名随机工程师，机上可运载38名士兵。HH-53配备了用于自卫的7.62mm“迷你冈”加特林机枪和若干12.7mm机枪。下面两图是HH-53。
HH-53 gunner firing 7.62mm minigun and a pilot was now save to have a cigarette. HH-53的射手用7.62mm“迷你冈”扫射，一位脱险的飞行员现在能好好抽根烟了。
The MH-53E Sea Dragon is one of the variants of CH-53, used primarily for Airborne Mine Countermeasures (AMCM), with a secondary mission of shipboard delivery, deployed in 1983, replaced last of CH-53E in 1994. The MH-53E was derived from the CH-53E Super Stallion and is heavier and has a greater fuel capacity than its ancestor, as well as the engines turns into three General Electric T64-GE-416 turboshaft engines, 4,380 shaft horsepower each. The MH-53s can operate from carriers and other warships. Sea Dragon is capable of carrying up to 55 troops or a 16-ton payload 50 nautical miles or a 10-ton payload 500 nautical miles. The MH-53E is capable of towing a variety of mine-sweeping countermeasures systems, including the Mk 105 minesweeping sled, the ASQ-14 side-scan sonar, and the Mk 103 mechanical minesweeping system. Using helicopters in anti mine missions will reduce the risk of the troops .
MH-53E“海龙”是H-53系列中的一种改进型，主要用于空基反水雷任务(AMCM)，另外也用于运输任务。该机1983年服役，84年替换了最后一架CH-53E。MH-53E由CH-53E改进而来，机体重量增大，载油量也大大增加，改用三台通用电气公司的T64-GE-416涡轴发动机，单台推力4380马力。MH-53以航母、两栖攻击舰或其他战舰为基地执行运输任务，一次能够运送55名士兵或16吨有效载重飞行90公里，或运载10吨有效载重飞行900公里。执行扫雷任务时，MH-53可以拖带一个综合多功能扫雷系统，外形类似一条双体小船，携带有多种探雷设备和扫雷器械，包括MK105扫雷滑水撬、ASQ-14侧向扫描声纳、MK103机械扫雷系统。使用直升机执行反水雷任务可以减少扫雷人员可能遇到的危险。
The MH-53J Pave Low III is a modified version of the HH-53 Super Jolly Green Giant helicopter used extensively during the Vietnam War for special operations and rescue of combat personnel. During past space programs, the HH-53 was on duty at the launch site as the primary astronaut recovery vehicle. Under the Air Force's Pave Low IIIE program, nine MH-53H's and 32 HH-53s were modified for night and adverse weather operations and designated MH-53Js just like those in the following photos.
更先进的MH-53J“铺路III”(下图)由HH-53改进而来的。HH-53曾是越战中主要的特种作战运输直升机，在航天计划中也曾经用于将宇航员从返回舱中运送到舰艇上。美空军为提高特种作战战斗力执行了“铺路III”计划，9架MH-53H和32架HH-53被改进成了适合全天候作战的MH-53J。
The MH-53J is the most recent variant of CH-53s'. It's mission is to perform low-level, long-range, undetected penetration into denied areas, day or night, in adverse weather, for infiltration, exfiltration and resupply of special operations forces. MH-53J heavy-lift helicopter is the largest and most powerful helicopter in the Air Force inventory, and the most technologically advanced helicopter in the world. Power Plant of MH-53J are Two General Electric T64-GE-100 engines, 4,330 shaft horsepower each. Its terrain-following, terrain-avoidance radar and forward-looking infrared sensor (the expand part on the head), along with a projected map display, enable the crew to follow terrain contours and avoid obstacles, making low-level penetration possible. Their modifications included forward-looking infrared, inertial global positioning system, Doppler navigation systems, a terrain-following and terrain-avoidance radar, an on-board computer and integrated avionics to enable precise navigation to and from target areas.
MH-53J是H-53系列中的最新改型，用于执行低空远程全天候突击任务，主要为特种部队渗透作战提供机动和后勤保障。MH-53J是美军目前重量和功率最大的直升机，并被认为是目前世界上技术最先进的直升机之一。发动机改用两台通用电气T64-GE-100发动机，单台推力4330马力。为适应低空全天候渗透任务，MH-53J装备了地形跟踪回避雷达和前视红外夜视系统(机头鼓起处，不透明半球状为雷达，下部带有橙色镜头的是红外夜视转塔)，并装有任务地图显示系统。MH-53J除上述系统外，还装备了惯性全球定位系统、多普勒导航系统、任务计算机。借助这些设备，MH-53J能准确的自行导航和进入目标区域。
For self-defending the helicopter is equipped with armor plating, and a combination of three 7.62mm miniguns or .50 caliber machine guns. It can transport 38 troops or 14 litters and has an external cargo hook with a 20,000-pound (9,000-kilogram) capacity. The MH-53J has twin turbo-shaft engines; self-lubricating, all-metal main and tail rotors; and a large horizontal stabilizer on the tail rotor pylon's right side. Two officers (pilots) and four enlisted (two flight engineers, two aerial gunners) form the crew team.
